Researchers from North Carolina State University, Sandia National Laboratories, and the University of California, San Diego have developed new technology that uses microneedles to allow doctors to detect real-time chemical changes in the body ? and to continuously do so for an extended period of time.
"We've loaded the hollow channels within microneedles with electrochemical sensors that can be used to detect specific molecules or pH levels," says Dr. Roger Narayan, co-author of a paper describing the research, and a professor in the joint biomedical engineering department of NC State's College of Engineering and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Existing technology relies on taking samples and testing them, whereas this approach allows continuous monitoring, Narayan explains. "For example, it could monitor glucose levels in a diabetic patient," Narayan says. Microneedles are very small needles in which at least one dimension ? such as length ? is less than one millimeter.
"The idea is that customized microneedle sensor arrays could be developed and incorporated into wearable devices, such as something like a wristwatch, to help answer specific medical or research questions," Narayan says. "It's also worth pointing out that microneedles are not painful."
In addition to its clinical applications, the new technology may also create opportunities for new research endeavors. For example, the microneedle sensor arrays could be used to track changes in lactate levels while people are exercising ? rather than measuring those levels only before and after exercise.
The researchers developed a proof-of-concept sensor array incorporating three types of sensors, which could measure pH, glucose and lactate. However, Narayan says the array could be modified to monitor a wide variety of chemicals.
The paper, "Multiplexed Microneedle-based Biosensor Array for Characterization of Metabolic Acidosis," is published online in the journal Talanta. The paper was co-authored by Narayan and NC State Ph.D. students Philip Miller and Shelby Skoog as well as researchers from Sandia National Laboratories and the University of California, San Diego. The research was funded by the National Science Foundation, the National Institutes of Health, and the Department of Energy.
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North Carolina State University: http://www.ncsu.edu
Thanks to North Carolina State University for this article.
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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/115953/Microneedle_sensors_may_allow_real_time_monitoring_of_body_chemistry
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NEW YORK (Reuters) ? Stocks rose at the open on Monday, building on the previous week's gains, as optimism grew that an upcoming European Union summit would break new ground to resolve the euro zone debt crisis.
The Dow Jones industrial average (.DJI) was up 107.77 points, or 0.90 percent, at 12,127.19. The Standard & Poor's 500 Index (.SPX) was up 14.66 points, or 1.18 percent, at 1,258.94. The Nasdaq Composite Index (.IXIC) was up 32.96 points, or 1.25 percent, at 2,659.89.
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LJUBLJANA, Slovenia ? A center-left party led by a prominent businessman and mayor of the Slovenian capital was taking a surprise victory in the country's parliamentary elections, early results showed on Sunday, reflecting mounting concern over the economy.
Positive Slovenia, led by Ljubljana mayor and former head of the country's largest retailer, Zoran Jankovic, is leading with 29.4 percent of the vote, the country's electoral commission said after counting some 40 percent of the ballots.
The conservatives ? who were favorites to win ? are trailing with 25.8 percent, the officials said. The leader of the Slovene Democratic Party, former prime minister Janez Jansa, conceded defeat and congratulated Jankovic.
The winner of Slovenia's first snap election since becoming independent from the former Yugoslavia in 1991 will have to tackle the country's mounting debt, unemployment and a looming recession.
"The results show that Slovenia will go in the right direction," Jankovic said of the news. "It is obvious that the citizens want an efficient state."
Serbia-born Jankovic won prominence in Slovenia first as the head of the country's biggest retailer, Merkator, running the company successfully for eight years, before he was removed from the post in 2005 by Jansa. He has been the mayor of Ljubljana since 2006.
The vote was called after the center-left government of Premier Borut Pahor was toppled over economic troubles and allegations of corruption.
Pahor's Socialdemocrats were third with 10.4 percent of the vote, the partial results showed. A newcomer, former minister Gregor Virant is fourth, with 8.1 percent, followed by several smaller groups, who won between 4.5 and 7 percent.
Slovenia has been hit hard by the European debt crisis, with public debt swollen to 44 percent of GDP and unemployment at about 12 percent.
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North Carolina's Dexter Strickland, left, looks for a teammate as Kentucky's Anthony Davis, right, and Marquis Teague defend during the first half of an NCAA college basketball game in Lexington, Ky., Saturday, Dec. 3, 2011. (AP Photo/James Crisp)
North Carolina's Dexter Strickland, left, looks for a teammate as Kentucky's Anthony Davis, right, and Marquis Teague defend during the first half of an NCAA college basketball game in Lexington, Ky., Saturday, Dec. 3, 2011. (AP Photo/James Crisp)
North Carolina's Reggie Bullock, left, shoots in front of Kentucky's Terrence Jones during the first half of an NCAA college basketball game in Lexington, Ky., Thursday, Dec. 3, 2011. (AP Photo/James Crisp)
North Carolina's Tyler Zeller, center, shoots between Kentucky's Anthony Davis, left, and Terrence Jones during the first half of an NCAA college basketball game in Lexington, Ky., Saturday, Dec. 3, 2011. (AP Photo/James Crisp)
Kentucky head coach John Calipari urges his team on during the second half of an NCAA college basketball game against North Carolina in Lexington, Ky., Saturday, Dec. 3, 2011. (AP Photo/James Crisp)
North Carolina's Reggie Bullock, center, shoots between Kentucky's Terrence Jones, left, and Eloy Vargas during the second half of an NCAA college basketball game in Lexington, Ky., Saturday, Dec. 3, 2011. (AP Photo/James Crisp)
LEXINGTON, Ky. (AP) ? Pushed and pressured all day, Anthony Davis finally went somewhere else no one could on the floor. Up.
The freshman soared to block John Henson's shot in the final seconds and No. 1 Kentucky held on to beat No. 5 North Carolina 73-72 on Saturday to extend the Wildcats' home winning streak to 39 games.
"I just jumped as high as I could with my arm up," said Davis, who had seven points and nine rebounds. "I thought I probably would (block it). I have long hands."
Freshman Michael Kidd-Gilchrist scored 17 points and grabbed 11 rebounds for Kentucky (8-0) and Doron Lamb added 12 of his 14 points after halftime in the heavily hyped matchup.
"I didn't realize, because I hadn't been watching much TV, that this game was being played up like the end alls of end alls," Kentucky coach John Calipari said.
Davis sure ended it, all right.
Reggie Bullock hit a 3-pointer for North Carolina (6-2) to cut the Wildcats' lead to 73-72 with 48 seconds left. After freshman Marquis Teague missed the front end of a one-and-one, Davis blocked Henson's shot, grabbed the rebound and the Wildcats ran out the clock.
"If he doesn't block the shot, we lose," Calipari said. "Both teams gutted it out, just gutted it out. This is supposed to be March, not now. I'm exhausted."
Tyler Zeller and Harrison Barnes scored 14 points apiece for the Tar Heels, who led by as many as nine in the first half and held a six-point lead in the second before Kentucky rallied.
The Wildcats haven't lost at Rupp Arena since Calipari took over, a span of 38 games that includes winning their final one at home under Billy Gillispie.
Lamb converted a three-point play as part of a 7-0 run that gave Kentucky a 63-60 lead. After Zeller hit a jumper to cut it to one, Lamb hit a pair of 3s, the second in the corner that gave the Wildcats a 69-64 lead with 3:47 left.
"He had a couple of layups, a couple of threes and they were big shots, they were big shots. That one in the corner was a huge shot and he knocked it down," Calipari said. "I've got good players. We're young, we're inexperienced, but I have really good players."
After a 3-pointer by Barnes, North Carolina's 11th of the game, made it 69-67. Darius Miller's basket made it 71-67. Henson hit two free throws and Kidd-Gilchrist answered with two more before Bullock's 3 set up the final sequence.
After Teague missed the front end of the one-and-one following a foul by Kendall Marshall with 21 seconds left, the Tar Heels had one more chance.
Marshall found Zeller and as Terrence Jones came to double team, he found Henson. Henson went up for a winner, but Davis used his 6-foot-10 frame and massive wingspan to block the ball. He grabbed the rebound as North Carolina never tried to foul as time expired.
"He came from the other side of the lane, it was a great play by him," Henson said.
Jones finished with 14 points and Miller had 12 for the Wildcats. North Carolina's P.J. Hairston scored 11 and Henson finished with 10.
Kentucky last reached No. 1 under Calipari in 2009-10, but promptly lost its first game after receiving the ranking. The Wildcats beat St. John's 81-59 on Thursday night before this matchup ? the first between top five teams in Lexington in 13 years.
Last year, these two teams played a pair of memorable games with North Carolina winning 75-73 in Chapel Hill before Kentucky topped the Tar Heels 76-69 in the NCAA regional finals in March.
This one was equally as entertaining even though North Carolina slipped from the No. 1 spot last week when they lost to UNLV in Las Vegas to keep this from being the first No. 1 vs. No. 2 matchup in the 35-year history of Rupp Arena.
The Tar Heels committed five early turnovers, but Hairston, who had been questionable to play because of a sprained left wrist, hit a pair of 3-pointers upon entering to give North Carolina a 24-18 lead.
A jumper by Barnes extended it to 34-25, the biggest deficit the Wildcats faced this season and Kentucky trailed at the half for the first time this season, 43-38.
It's the first time the two schools have met this highly ranked since Dec. 26, 1981 in East Rutherford, N.J., when Michael Jordan, James Worthy and Sam Perkins combined for 66 points in North Carolina's 82-69 victory.
Kentucky standout Sam Bowie didn't play in that game because of a stress fracture in his left leg, but that game still featured 18 draft picks ? including five that went in the first two rounds. The NBA draft was 10 rounds through 1984.
This matchup had even more media anticipation and included more than two dozen NBA scouts and front office personnel. Kentucky's young squad that starts three freshmen and two sophomores responded.
"We felt like this was a good test to see where we're at against one of the best teams in the country," Miller said. "We came out with a W. I think we're all pretty happy about it."
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BAGHDAD ? Iraq's prime minister said Saturday that his security forces are ready to protect the country once the American military withdraws by the end of this year, and played down any suggestion that Iraq would become a follower of Iran.
Nouri al-Maliki told The Associated Press in an exclusive interview Saturday that he has "no concerns whatsoever" about security after all American troops withdraw by Jan. 1. Iraqi security forces have proven themselves capable and able to protect their own country, he said.
"Nothing has changed with the withdrawal of the American forces from Iraq on the security level because basically it has been in our hands," he said.
The prime minister said Iraq has been largely responsible for security ever since the American military pulled out of the cities in 2008 and withdrew to bases outside the cities, leaving the Iraqi military largely responsible for their own internal security.
He said he was not worried about the type of sectarian warfare that almost destroyed Iraq in the years following the 2003 U.S.-led invasion.
"I assure the world that the Iraqi forces and the general situation in the country hasn't changed and will not change," the prime minister said.
The prime minister also dismissed fears that Iraq would fall under neighboring Iran's sphere of influence, once the American military leaves Iraq. Some U.S. officials have suggested that Iranian influence in Iraq would inevitably grow once American troops depart.
Both countries have Shiite majorities and are dominated by Shiite political groups. Many Iraqi politicians spent time in exile in Iran under Saddam Hussein's repressive regime.
Al-Maliki vowed that Iraq will chart its own policies in the future that conform to Iraqi national interests.
"Iraq is not a follower of any country," al-Maliki said. He pointed out several areas in which Iraq had acted against Iran's desires, including the signing of the security agreement in 2008 that required all U.S. forces to leave Iraq by the end of this year. Iran had been pushing for all American troops to be out of the country even sooner.
"Through our policies, Iraq was not and will not be a follower of another country's policies," he said.
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ScienceDaily (Dec. 5, 2011) ? NASA's Voyager 1 spacecraft has entered a new region between our solar system and interstellar space. Data obtained from Voyager over the last year reveal this new region to be a kind of cosmic purgatory. In it, the wind of charged particles streaming out from our sun has calmed, our solar system's magnetic field is piled up, and higher-energy particles from inside our solar system appear to be leaking out into interstellar space.
"Voyager tells us now that we're in a stagnation region in the outermost layer of the bubble around our solar system," said Ed Stone, Voyager project scientist at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena. "Voyager is showing that what is outside is pushing back. We shouldn't have long to wait to find out what the space between stars is really like."
Although Voyager 1 is about 11 billion miles (18 billion kilometers) from the sun, it is not yet in interstellar space. In the latest data, the direction of the magnetic field lines has not changed, indicating Voyager is still within the heliosphere, the bubble of charged particles the sun blows around itself. The data do not reveal exactly when Voyager 1 will make it past the edge of the solar atmosphere into interstellar space, but suggest it will be in a few months to a few years.
The latest findings, described Dec. 5 at the American Geophysical Union's fall meeting in San Francisco, come from Voyager's Low Energy Charged Particle instrument, Cosmic Ray Subsystem and Magnetometer.
Scientists previously reported the outward speed of the solar wind had diminished to zero in April 2010, marking the start of the new region. Mission managers rolled the spacecraft several times this spring and summer to help scientists discern whether the solar wind was blowing strongly in another direction. It was not. Voyager 1 is plying the celestial seas in a region similar to Earth's doldrums, where there is very little wind.
During this past year, Voyager's magnetometer also detected a doubling in the intensity of the magnetic field in the stagnation region. Like cars piling up at a clogged freeway off-ramp, the increased intensity of the magnetic field shows that inward pressure from interstellar space is compacting it.
Voyager has been measuring energetic particles that originate from inside and outside our solar system. Until mid-2010, the intensity of particles originating from inside our solar system had been holding steady. But during the past year, the intensity of these energetic particles has been declining, as though they are leaking out into interstellar space. The particles are now half as abundant as they were during the previous five years.
At the same time, Voyager has detected a 100-fold increase in the intensity of high-energy electrons from elsewhere in the galaxy diffusing into our solar system from outside, which is another indication of the approaching boundary.
"We've been using the flow of energetic charged particles at Voyager 1 as a kind of wind sock to estimate the solar wind velocity," said Rob Decker, a Voyager Low-Energy Charged Particle Instrument co-investigator at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Md. "We've found that the wind speeds are low in this region and gust erratically. For the first time, the wind even blows back at us. We are evidently traveling in completely new territory. Scientists had suggested previously that there might be a stagnation layer, but we weren't sure it existed until now."
Launched in 1977, Voyager 1 and 2 are in good health. Voyager 2 is 9 billion miles (15 billion kilometers) away from the sun.
The Voyager spacecraft were built by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., which continues to operate both. JPL is a division of the California Institute of Technology. The Voyager missions are a part of the NASA Heliophysics System Observatory, sponsored by the Heliophysics Division of the Science Mission Directorate in Washington. For more information about the Voyager spacecraft, visit: http://www.nasa.gov/voyager .
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Source: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/12/111205141802.htm
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| The average rate on the 30-year fixed mortgage hovered just above its record low for the fifth straight week, Freddie Mac said Thursday. Here's a look at rates for fixed and adjustable mortgages over the past 52 weeks. |
| Current week's average Last week's average 52-week high 52-week low |
| 30-year fixed 4.00 3.98 5.05 3.94 |
| 15-year fixed 3.30 3.30 4.29 3.26 |
| 5-year adjustable 2.90 2.91 3.92 2.90 |
| 1-year adjustable 2.78 2.79 3.40 2.78 |
| All values are in percentage points. |
| Source: Freddie Mac Primary Mortgage Market Survey. |
Copyright ? 2011 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. The information contained in the AP News report may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed without the prior written authority of The Associated Press.
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Aces Hangout?is a new, in development product from the team at?Hettema&Bergsten, which you may remember as the makers of the Twitter trend tracker, StrawberryJ.am. The online application brings a unique twist to online gambling, thanks to its integration with Google+'s multi-person video chat feature, Google+ Hangouts. Unlike other video poker games, where users often play as online avatars, Aces Hangout feels more like a real world card game. You can watch live video feeds of the other players in Google+'s Hangouts, allowing to you to guess at who's bluffing and who's not - something that's key to the offline poker experience.Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Techcrunch/~3/VURMvyoCJIA/
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